Energy-efficient routing over coordinated sleep scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we study how energy-efficient routing at the network layer can be coordinated with sleep scheduling at the link layer to increase networkwide energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc networks. We identify a trade-off between the reduced transmit power at senders with multi-receiver diversity and the increased receive power at forwarders with coordinated sleep scheduling. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive study of how coordinated sleep scheduling affects the energy-efficient routing performance based on a 2-D gird topology and time division multiple access (TDMA) medium access control (MAC). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated routing and sleep scheduling, significant impact of coordinated sleep scheduling on the energy-efficient routing performance, and relationship between networking conditions (in terms of the traffic load and node density) and overall system performance achieved by different energy-efficient routing protocols.